1. When a male and female penguin bow their heads together it is part of an elaborate courting ritual of head movements and calls that helps establish a strong bond
2. Penguins have a fusiform (torpedo-shaped) body, which helps them tear through the water at high speed. Emperors are thought to be able to reach speeds of 14km/h (9mph).
3. As the ocean is teeming with predators, these birds swim in groups – adélie penguins even engage in a spot of synchronised swimming to look like one large creature.
4. When a penguin is moulting, it can’t go in the water so it may have to fast for up to a month while its feathers grow back. In preparation for this, the bird will eat as much as possible.
5. A penguin’s colouring is useful for both hunting and avoiding predators when at sea. The black dorsal side blends in with the dark ocean depths, while the white belly blends with the sky.
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